4.4.1 Introduction
Corporate governance is concerned with set of principles, ethics, values, morals, rules regulations, & procedures etc. Corporate governance establishes a system whereby directors are entrusted with duties and responsibilities in relation to the direction of the company’s affairs.
The term “governance” means control i.e. controlling a company, an organization etc. or a company & corporate governance is governing or controlling the corporate bodies i.e. ethics, values, principles, morals. For corporate governance to be good the manager needs to meet its responsibilities towards its owners (shareholders), creditors, employees, customers, government and the society at large. Corporate governance helps in establishing a system where a director is showered with duties and responsibilities of the affairs of the company.
For effective corporate governance, its policies need to be such that the directors of the company should not abuse their power and instead should understand their duties and responsibilities towards the company and should act in the best interests of the company in the broadest sense.
The concept of ‘corporate governance’ is not an end; it’s just a beginning towards growth of company for long term prosperity.
4.4.2 History & need of corporate governance
Corporate governance concept emerged in India after the second half of 1996 due to economic liberalization and deregulation of industry and business. With the changing times, there was also need for greater accountability of companies to their shareholders and customers.
Need for corporate governance arises due to separation of management from the ownership. For a firm success, it needs to concentrate on both economic and social aspect. It needs to be fair with producers, shareholders, customers etc. It has various responsibilities towards employees, customers, communities and at last towards governance and it needs to serve its responsibilities at the best at all aspects.
The “corporate governance concept” dwells in India from the Arthshastra time instead of CEO at that time there were kings and subjects. Today, corporate and shareholders replace them but the principles still remain same, unchanged i.e. good governance.
20th century witnessed the glossy of Indian Economy due to liberalization, globalization, and privatization. Indian economy for the 1st time here was together with world economy for product, capital and lab our market and which resulted into world of capitalization, corporate culture, business ethics which was found important for the existence of corporation in the world market place.